This multicenter randomized controlled trial compared surgical excision with a combination of topical 5-fluorouracil and photodynamic therapy for the treatment of Bowen's disease (SCC in situ). The results informed treatment selection by comparing recurrence rates, cosmetic outcomes, and patient preferences between surgical and non-surgical approaches.

Both surgical excision and 5-FU/PDT combination therapy are viable treatment options for Bowen's disease with acceptable outcomes.

Non-surgical approaches for Bowen's disease may be preferred in locations where surgery would result in significant functional or cosmetic compromise.